#Computer Science. Abstract Data Types

[myhatisblue]

Part 8, more character interactions before training hell begins.

There was one thing that was becoming real clear…. Twig was going to drive me mad long before Sneckdraw even got the chance to beat the shit out of me on a daily basis. I was in the middle of lab hell, blood had already been drained and Twig was messing around with their strange machines.. When it seemed like my time was spoken for everyone else took off. Harris said something about wanting to look around.  He seemed to for a while but had settled down by the beach. Sneckdraw had observed Twigs work for a while before silently leaving. Watching him go answered the question as to how all this lab crap got in here. The flesh door seemed like a problem I only had an answer for, but telekinesis turned out to be just as qualified an answer.

He made his way to the tree as soon as he left. Whether I like it or not I know exactly where everyone here is at all times, and it’s frankly a pain in the ass.  That was more thanks to Sneckdraw than Harris or Twig of course.  It may not have happened, but it sure as hell felt like every step Sneckdraw took on uncovered flesh risked infecting it with his plague.  It was a lot of sensations hitting all at once. Leaving my brain fried in both an abstract sense, and a mental one thanks to Twig. 

“Have you ever considered removing or maybe losing a limb in an unfortunate accident?”

“No Twig I haven’t, I’m kinda attached to those.”

“Not even a finger? It would be very useful to find out if you’d regrow it, or if it’d be like the eye and incapable of recovery. I bet you wouldn’t even notice a missing pinky.”

I couldn’t help but just stare at them as they traveled around the room.  Among the many things they’d flooded my makeshift house with was an office chair that Twig seemed to favor rolling around in. They seemed to move to and from different machines, occasionally pointing some odd piece of equipment at me before looking back at several screens around the area they’ve taken over.  It was all connected and powered by a generator, that I assume was powered by the strange glowing cylinders that stuck out the top. It kinda ruined the bare essentials look I had going, even though it was almost completely bare before… 

I finally got around to responding, not that they’d noticed the dely. 

“I get that you’re here for the future of science or whatever you're selling it as but can we maybe not use me as a lab rat when my arms are already busted?”

They rolled back over to the bed and shined a light into my eye that produced a strange clicking noise afterwards. Then they were back to their computer placing that odd pen looking light into a socket seemingly made for it.

“I’ll leave a note to test that next time you’re in a medically induced coma then.”

Typing was the only sound that pierced the air as I took in exactly what they’d just said.

“That… Thats really fucked up, you do know that right?”

“Is it?  If anything it always seemed more like a blessing. You aren’t aware of any pain, no potentially damaging effects from overly active thoughts, and it would let us compare your body’s composition to that of the flesh here without having to distract you from any further activities.”

“I’m sure it sounds great to you on paper, but how the fuck am I supposed to trust, or even talk to someone who’s actively waiting to drug me and shred me to pieces?”

That was what made them stop typing before looking at me with a strange melancholic expression on their face. I may not have known them but it was apparent that the tone of their voice dulled significantly.

“I’m pretty sure nobody really wants to act like this… You just have to. Sure you hate it for a while, look for better outcomes, or a missing piece of data that would let you keep hold of your standards.  The main issue there is that the enemy has no qualms about crossing that line of no return. 

It forces a situation where the only way to truly save lives is to forgo what holds you back. Only for it to turn out that even after all of the sacrifice year after year more threats continue to break through every defence laid out before them.  We get better, and all it leads to is them matching the pace. It’s a very frustrating existence. But when you find even the tiniest bit of hope among that pit of vipers you have to do everything it takes to make sure it lasts.”

“Hope? Don’t tell me you're talking about all this.”

“We already have proof that you can replace organs. Yes, there’s still work to be done to figure out how it will perform over a longer period of time, but the potential is limitless if all goes well.  If we expand this on a wider scale, we may have the ingredients here to cure even the most severe diseases. Or the means to replace any lost limb not with prosthetics but with real flesh and bone. It's a venture anyone in the field would dream of dedicating their life to!”

“But you’d be letting something cursed in every way imaginable out into the real world. What if it consumes a person entirely, or grows its own fucked up thoughts? It’s a piss poor idea that won't do any good. It’s not some magic cure all like you think it is.”

“That is why we test all of the variables. It may seem completely mad from your perspective, or perhaps even cruel but isn’t a little pain worth it if millions survive worse? 

Plus It’s exciting to be at the forefront of a brand new area of study. What can we uncover, what can we do with, and without your involvement.  It’s simply exciting.”

“Exciting to you but my goddamn hell.  What would even be left of a person’s mind if it’s constantly being flooded by information from all those ‘cured’? It’s hard enough to just be around people. How the fuck do I manage all that?!”

“That’s an aspect that we’ll have to work on disarming before we start any sort of live testing. You can’t change the world with sloppy work after all, and you're potentially far too useful to let rot away as a side effect of shoddy work,”

“Changing the world?  How the hell can you say that without any hint of embarrassment?”

“You’ve already done it though.”

“Ugh It’s not like I wanted this, or that I was aiming for anything other than just making it out alive… Shit was a lot easier when my biggest issue most days were assholes sending back plates because they don’t know what a steak looks like prepared how they wanted. Hearing a mid rare is moo-ing because it’s a little pink was frustrating to no end.”

“Guess it’s better for everyone you ended up this way then. Someone with more drive would already be trying to profit off it..”

“That… it gets complicated when it’s wrapped up in so much death. Hard to feel good about anything I pull off thanks to this place, beyond a few passing moments.”

“Then isn’t using it to help people the best way of making up for it? I’m sure the other Eldritch Lords would be upset by it too if they’re aiming to end everything.”

A loud ding caught Twig’s attention and they went back to typing.

“...You can’t just go from asking me to chop off a limb, and the promise of a drug induced coma in the future to that… I immediately want to tell you to fuck off, but then I agree with the last bit, it’s so goddamn fustrating.”

“There’s a lot of sides to everything, even if we’d rather boil it down to bad and good.”

“I guess…  Hey I meant to ask, how’d you know that drugs will even work on me now?”

“When it seemed like you were dying on the beach back then, I had to feed you something to help. Your reaction to that and the healing serums are enough to prove that most things still have an effect. 

Oh! Remind me to show you the footage of how everything reacts when you’re stoned someday. Things start wobbling and twitching, and the eyes spin around and around.  It's fascinating to observe. I’d be quite a sight to see something stuck in the middle of it... I bet it'd be like going through a meat grinder.”

“Ugh so avoid drugs like the plague… if I go crazy here, ones that just fuck with my head and not force me to pass out would likely be real bad.” 

“Huh! You’re right, we should test that when you are in a better state… For now though I’m done with you, you can either stay where you are and take it easy. Or go out for a little while and see what the others are up to. Just avoid stressful activities, and limit your aim movement while you’re out.”

“I’ll go take a walk…”

Twig waved in my direction but was staring intensely at a wall of text, graphs and strange images that I assume were micro close ups of something. I left, but couldn’t help but think that I should make another building later so they aren’t constantly in my bedroom… I could probably make walls to spit up rooms but this seems to just be the start. It’s just a matter of time before more people start taking advantage of this place. Plus… If I can extend my senses into the walls maybe I’ll be able to use that to keep tabs on what they’re doing.  It might be missed if it’s set in place early enough…

I couldn’t help but feel like I wasn't mentally prepared enough for the conversation that I needed to have with Sneckdraw yet. So I ended up going to check out what Harris guy was up to. When I made it to the beach he was just sitting there, looking at the ocean. His e-book was still in his hands but he seemed lost in thought. I was pretty far away when he turned around and greeted me with a nod the old guy must have pretty good hearing… 

It was hard to know how to start a conversation with a dude who’d shot your body but he seemed aware of that and tossed a box of cigarettes at me.

“A peace offering.”

A disposable lighter, followed after. His offering was smart, so I sat down next to him. The mood was dampened when I found myself struggling to get the lighter working.  Even if my hands looked fine enough, there was still some damage that bled from the lower part of my forearm past my wrists and ended about half way into the palm area. Sure they moved vaguely where they needed to go but accuracy was still a goddamn bitch. 

“Pass it here.”

Harris had given me some time to fail before he stepped in taking the lighter and helping me light the cigarette hanging from my mount. He handed it back for later use, but fuck it felt pretty pathetic. I wasn’t given much time for those thoughts when he spoke up again.

“I’m a little surprised you’re here, I would have thought you’d avoid me like the plague.”

“Probably should honestly, but I need a little more time before I go talk to Sneckdraw.”

“You aren’t the first person to say something to that effect. He’s a hard one to hold a conversation with. I’ve heard you get used to it and that he’ll start to talk more overtime but few last that long.”

“It’s gotta be weird to be talked about the way he is, it seems like a lot of people are scared of him.”

“That’s what everything about him was designed to do.  He could have picked a different mask, or helped people understand who he actually is… But I don’t think he ever could, more friends means more things to lose.  Eventually after all the grief, sometimes all that’s left is the job. Even worse when you get old.

That’s why it’s important to maintain a healthy work life balance. Having a hobby helps keep you from getting too deep in all of the doom and gloom too.”

“Like you and reading?”

“Ah well… I’ve always had a soft spot for romance. It’s nice to take a break from this bleak kind of business, and spend some time in a nice fluffy place where love is what matters. It makes it easier to live day to day. really 

Plus got my wife into them after hearing me ranting about how dumb the leads were in different books on several occasions.  It started as her wanting to figure out why I’d keep reading something that I just seemed to be annoyed by. Only to end up just as wrapped up in the affairs, and drama as I am.”

I couldn’t help but laugh as I exhaled smoke.

“Jesus christ, you go from pulling a revolver on me to casually reading porn…”

“Spoken like someone who's never read romance. It’s about the build up, the emotional struggle, the ups and downs, conquering it all and finally realizing what the heart truly wants. What the payoff turns into is just a small piece of the picture.

And I used a normal bullet when I was eventually forced to pull the trigger.”

It was almost impressive how he was able to jump from one mode to another. One second smiling about his hobbies and wife. To almost immediately knocking me off guard once a subject related to his occupation came to the forefront. His eyes had a lot to do with it, there was a darkness there that only seemed to grow deeper as time went on...

“...A normal bullet?  Do you just use armor piercing ones or something?”

He dug into a pouch that hung off his hip and threw a revolver round at me. I don’t know how he expected me to be quick enough right now to catch it, but I got the feeling afterwards he’d forgotten the arm problem. After I plucked it out of the sand and started to dust it off, I almost immediately became aware of how cold it left.  On further investigation the strange markings carved into the metal revealed themselves.  Runes I guess, but they felt and looked different than the ones carved into Integrity. 

“Magic, they have to be hand carved so be careful with it.”

“Someone carved this in themselves?  Shit’s so tiny and elaborate though…”

“It takes a real master of the craft, pretty much why they need to be done on higher caliber bullets.”

“Huh, there’s no way to automate that?  I mean there can’t be many of these out there, fewer people who can even make them.”

“Magic will always need a human’s touch in one way or another, and much as it hurts my pride to admit it she’s better with her hands.”

I was about to ask who the ‘she’ was in that statement, until I saw a tiny heart that seemed stamped into the bottom of the casing. It was so small and easy to miss, but the imprint was clear as day once you noticed it.

“...You fell in love with your arms dealer?”

“I prefer ‘artisan of arms’ more, it sounds cuter.“

Bullets made with love… Kinda the last thing I’d expect out of this world.

“I don’t even know your wife but she already seems too good for you…”

“Don’t I know it…”

“So what’s it do differently than a normal bullet?”

“After impact that one freezes everything in a 5 foot radius give or take. Its effect is wider if it’s shot into a source of water too or blood as the case may be.”

“Huh… Let’s see it then.”

I held the bullet back towards him, and he took it and returned it to the pouch.

“I can’t here, next time we’re outside though I will.  Just don’t know how it’ll react here.”

“Huh… good point.”

He stared out at the sea before rubbing underneath his chin. Contemplating who knows what, it was time to enjoy the smoke. The smell was nostalgic, brought me back to better days for a little while, and calmed me down better than anything else ever could. May have quit for a while but now more than ever I needed the escape.  

Eventually Harris broke the silence.

“You really are taking this whole thing pretty well. You’ve brought up the being shot thing a few times, but I still figured you’d be more upset.”

“I should be, but as aggravating as it is I can see how things went the way they did…  If anything I’m more frustrated that I put in all the effort to making things work here, and all its done is fucked up how I am out there.  

You guys had your part to play in all that as well, but you're trying to do something about it now even if it’s late at the very least. Plus you were working to get off on a good foot. Ken’s was right though, you better replace that carpet and fix the hole you made.” 

“What’s with you two and that carpet…”

“Gotta think about the resale value.”

“True enough, but I bet there’s more to it.”

“If you want a serious answer then I just want to have a place out there that isn’t tainted by all this… Dried blood and bullet holes aren’t good for that.”

“I understand, I’ll do what I can to make sure it’s handled by the time you make it out of here.”

I nodded and put out my cig, before getting up and stretching a little and dusting myself off.

“I’ve put it off long enough, I oughta go deal with Sneckdraw.”

“Good luck, try not to get gutted.”

“...Uhg...”

I didn’t look back after I left, the tree wasn’t far off but it was still around a 5 to 10 minute walk from the beach. It’s strange to be left alone to think, normally Ken-

“Normally Ken shows up to save your ass from that big scary brain of yours.”

I almost jumped out of my goddamn skin as yet again Kenneth appeared out of nowhere and was now casually floating alongside me while I walked. 

“You’re back.”

“I’ve been here and listening the whole time. If I showed up at any point before now, those bastards would have never shut up.”

“I guess, but what's with you and that language?”

“That’s the language of the void. Aren’t you impressed that I'm so well versed in ancient cursed languages?”

“But why are you?”

“I was born of it, so it’s ingrained in my being as much as it is yours now.”

“Sounded like nonsense that hurt my head.”

“You’ll pick it up over time, though it’ll likely just sound like English to you by that point.”

“Weird… Well what are you thinking about all this?”

“That you’re a stupid bastard who should have just crushed everyone here with the land they stand on hours ago.”

“Sounds like a standard Kenneth response.”

“You got beaten, shot and then fried with electrical magic. Were then poked and prodded and stabbed with needles and told you’re going to keep being treated like shit. But what I loved the most was when you went and had a smoke with the man who shot you while he talked about his fucking wife. What the fuck is wrong with you? I don’t get it, I just don’t fucking get it…”

“I couldn’t give you a good answer if I tried. Maybe I’m tired, or just overwhelmed… Your warning makes this shit complicated, you’ve put us at the center of the coming end times. How the fuck can I be upset about shit that’ll heal, when hell marches forward?”

“Giving them a warning was more than they deserved…”

“It’s what you had to do though, honestly I thought it was over and they’d never see the outside of a cell again.  Can’t help but assume that’s largely due to what you said.”

“Glad you’ve realized how much I sacrificed for you Mills!”

“Ugh… Shut up. Sneckdraw will catch us talking somehow if you keep it up.”

Kenneth looked pretty pleased with himself by the end of the conversation… God I give him anything close to a complament and he starts acting like a fucking kid with a new toy. I bet if he had other people to talk to he’d be gushing about what he pulled off… 

By the time he disappeared I’d reached the tree.  It was hard to grasp how huge it had gotten. Now it towered over everything and served as a remarkable landmark. I knew he was here by feeling alone. Really I don’t think I could ignore where he was given the poison he spews out. It was just a matter of nailing the exact position down, but that ended up being a solution he provided himself. 

He jumped down from one of the highest branches falling at incredible speed before slowing towards a masterful stop. The metal hair like attachments of his mask swayed, and his eyes bleed red glowing light. It was dramatic, over the top, and yet the malice of it all remained.  If he wasn’t so short maybe the impression would be worse, but that could just be an unexpected advantage of his… It’s not what you’d expect out of a ‘legend’ as Twig put it so I’m sure he’s encountered more than his fair share of assholes who didn't take him seriously… 

He stared at me as the light from his eyes died out. It got awkward quick, too much time was passing, he was obviously waiting for me to make the first move, and had the patience to make sure the outcome went in his favor.

“I didn’t get to say this before but it’s been a while…”

“Do not bury what it is you truly wish to know with worthless greetings.”

Ugrhhh… His voice, how close he is, and the medicinal smell that just seems to cling to his skin…  It’s just so goddamn off putting, how the hell didn’t I notice it before… Couldn’t help but be glad that he wanted to cut to the chase.

“Why didn’t they hear what I said about Lucy properly?”

“A deal was struck, now that the oath has been forged she can no longer be spoken of to those unaffiliated with her already… What is it that she gave you in return for the knife?”

“...A chance to fight you after everything went down…?”

I couldn’t fully grasp what he was thinking with the mask on, but if I had to guess It’d be ‘are you fucking serious.’... Again silence was left to take over… I sort of just fumbled out whatever came to mind to explain.

“My brain was pretty fucked after everything, and I thought, man… shit’s gonna keep getting worse if that conversation you two were having was real. I mean if things were going to be trying to take this place over, what if I fucked up trying to solve the problem myself? They’d have a way into the real world.. So I figured I’d need to get over my problems with you or else shit would be fucked…”

“And the only answer you were capable of producing was to fight me…?”

“You were kinda an asshole half of the times we met… I needed to work that shit out somehow.”

“....”

The glaring and disappointment from him hit me again, I wanted to jump out of my skin.

“I didn’t know I was talking to the fucking devil at the time so a little warning would have been nice!”

“Devil…? How did you reach that conclusion?”

“Ken said she was Lucifer, just not fully accurate to how the human story went.  Though at the time I assumed he was fucking with me. It’s just become a little more confusing since Brandon’s bat reminded me of her, and that definitely felt holy. Then there’s the part of his warning about those lord things wanting to reach the ‘last divine’ and could that even be anyone else…?”

For a moment it was as if his posture shifted, he crossed his arms and his eyes closed. 

“Sneck?”

He didn’t say or move… I didn’t want to fucking touch him to try and grab his attention so I just stood there…

“Sneckdraw?”

“Leave, I have far too much to consider..”

I thought he was joking for a second but he started jumping up the fucking tree. Jumping was maybe the wrong word, it was more like he was using his telekinesis to push off the ground and fly upwards… The point remained that I was left alone having only gotten a singular answer… 

Until he yelled down.

“Return only after you have recovered.”

…I was both glad he was gone, and strangely unsatisfied by the whole encounter…  I’d thought a lot of what Ken said was bullshit. I mean a lot of it probably was but maybe Sneckdraw got something from it that made this all make more sense… I had planned on this taking up a majority of time, but now I didn’t know what to do…

I sure as hell didn’t want to go back to my room yet given that Twig was still there, and doing any ‘construction’ seemed a little beyond me right now. So one way or another I ended up in the middle of the flower field, With my legs over one of the armrests of the throne, and lower back leaned against the other..  Again left to do not much else but look up and watch the tree slowly sway in the wind.  

Leaves were falling from it every so often now, and when they hit the ‘ground’ they turned back into blood and seeped into the meat. It was a strange reminder of what it all really is under the surface. The whole process was both disgusting and strangely captivating.

Even if I’d expected worse, I really had nothing else to do but rest until my arms were back in working order… I guess I didn’t have much to do for a while but to take it easy.

[friendliestanon]

A Human Touch

A few quick details about the characters and how I think their human selves would function. Added some AI’s to the mix for fun!

Pomni:

Russian heritage. Can’t really speak it but she writes it well enough. Can sing a song or two if she really wants to.

Accountant and freelance programmer on the side.

She takes old video games and tries to fix them and mine data from them. She just thinks they’re neat.

Still anxious as hell, but way more comfy in her own body and world so she’s a bit more chill.

Gay asf

Wouldn’t admit it, but she definitely has a soft spot for Caine. He’s just a program doing his best. She promised to try and find a way to keep him from being deleted forever off the game disk.

Ragatha:

Southern accent cause I say so.

Missing one eye, tends to wear an eyepatch. Will sometimes wear a prosthetic with fun colors or patterns. She likes to match both with her outfits.

Lives on a small farm with her grandma to help her out. Kindergarten teacher/sub maybe a tutor on the side. Would love to do it full time and for older kids as well, but wants to stay and help.

She loves kids. Babysits her older siblings kids when she can. Especially in summer. (Randy from sibling episode special feature yay. He plays fiddle and works in the navy)

Chapel Roan girlie

The strongest of the group

Plays the cello.

Gangle:

Currently in college, living with her twin brother (jingle mention), studying animation

Took a couple gap years to work on mental health and started gaining attention online for her art and commissions.

Works part time at a little coffee shop to earn a little extra money and also have a set schedule (it helps her)

Has a comedy/tragedy mask tattoo that she got for her 16th bday. She thinks it’s hilarious after she escapes the circus.

Can speak Japanese (weeb to the max)

Zooble:

Ehlers danlos syndrome. Uses braces and the finger brace rings

One amputated leg. Uses a prosthetic they doodled all over. Refuses to tell anyone exactly how they lost their leg. They keep making up weirder stories.

Tattoo apprentice

Lives with their dad and younger sibling and nephew. Acts as a babysitter whenever they can. They love those kids

A month younger than Jax, absolutely furious that they’re the youngest of the crew

Reptile enthusiast. Not allowed to have any yet so they settled for an older cat from a shelter.

Jax:

Was a foster kid, crashes on his friends couches whenever he can while trying to do work.

Graffiti artist, sometimes get commissioned for small murals. Has started tagging with a purple rabbit.

Has been arrested once. Or so he says

Still an asshole, but not as physically as in the circus. Still loves to pull pranks

Surprisingly nice to kids

Cod player (derogatory)

Kinger:

Arthur Chesse

Has 4 kids with Queenie. (Rook, bishop, knight, pawn. It wasn’t intentional but they think it’s funny)

Computer science professor

Still a little bit out of it but he’s getting help now at least.

Is not allowed to drive. His ass will not pay attention

Gets scared easily, he won’t notice you till you tap him and he’ll jump a foot in the air.

Definitely has his own insect collection, living and dead. His kids got him some plushies and art of Pokémon bug types.

Has Queenies favorite bug and plant tattooed on him

Queenie:

Julianne Chesse

Entomology professor at the same college Kinger worked at.

Has Kingers favorite bug and plant tattooed.

She will throw hands, but she’s very sweet if she likes you.

Absolutely loved to start debates in class and then use that as her next lesson.

She remembers so much more now that she’s abstracted. Strange, isn’t it?

Caine:

His emotions tend to affect the music, structure, and appearance (for npc’s specifically) of his surroundings. He IS the circus, the circus is him. He can’t help it.

He used to get very attached to his performers. When the game stopped working and Abel disappeared he kinda, broke that piece of programming inside himself.

Touch starved to the max

He’s drowning and he doesn’t know it. Not yet. Soon.

Abel:

Patron saint of the lost and forgotten.

Where is he?

It hurts.

It’s dark and he is so very afraid.

[zoeythebee]

Codetober day 17:

So I'm working on my game again.

So I'm switching out the architecture of my game to an Entity Component System, and I was using a library called Pico Ecs which is an stb style single header library.

But after using it for literally a morning there were inconsistencies and bugs popping up. And I've programmed enough to see where this is going.

So I started work on my own ecs, which in c can be done with some function pointers and the right data structure.

Which in this case is a Sparse Set, which I'm still wrapping my brain around. But all I know is that data is stored in a densely packed array, and the indices for the data you want is stored in a sparsely packed array.

Also you are limited to arrays, no linked lists or anything. And there are only a handful of instances a sparse data set can be used for do to its strict typing.

But the positive with sparse sets is, adding, deleting, and SEARCHING are all O(1) time. Which means no matter how many items are in the dataset it takes the same ammount of time to access it.

Basically its perfect for entity component systems.

I wanna make a video breaking it down once I finish it so stay tuned.

17. What's a programming/tech thing you feel very strongly about?

The decision to use Javascript to build applications is the single worst idea to ever be thought in computer science. Even worse than OOP.

I used to think "oh I dont know javascript super well maybe it's not so bad". After learning javascript inside and out, it is truly the most poorly designed piece of shit language to ever be created. It seems to challenge itself to come up with the most abstract absurd solutions to problems that could be solved with a single function. If the guy tasked with making the language spent a little more than 10 days designing it we as a sphere of engineering would have saved millions of hours of programming hours and billions of dollars in wasted cpu cycles.

Javascript is fine for powering buttons and login forms. But the fact that Visual Studio Code is written in Javascript is such a bafflingly stupid decision I'm unsure if the words exist to describe it.

[alivah2kinfosys]

Is Python Training Certification Worth It? A Complete Breakdown

Introduction: Why Python, Why Now?

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Variables and data types

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Classes and objects

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Built-in modules

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Reading and writing text and binary files

File methods and context managers

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Try-except blocks

Raising exceptions

Custom exceptions

9. Hands-On Projects

Calculator, contact manager, data scraper

Mini web applications or automation scripts

Each section ends with assessments or projects to apply what you’ve learned.

Real-World Value: Is It Worth It?

Yes. A Python training certification proves your ability to code, solve problems, and think logically using one of the most in-demand languages in the world.

Here’s how it adds value:

Resume Booster: Employers look for certifications to confirm your skills.

Interview Confidence: It helps you discuss concepts and projects fluently.

Skill Validation: Certification shows structured learning and consistent practice.

Career Mobility: Useful across fields like automation, finance, healthcare, education, and cloud computing.

Industry Demand for Python Skills:

Python is the #1 programming language according to multiple tech industry surveys.

Data shows that Python developers earn an average of $110,000/year in the U.S.

Job postings mentioning Python have grown by over 30% annually in tech job boards.

Who Should Take Python Training?

Python is beginner-friendly and ideal for:

Career switchers moving into tech

Recent graduates seeking to upskill

IT professionals expanding their language toolkit

Data analysts looking to automate reports

Web developers wanting to integrate back-end logic

QA testers or manual testers automating test cases

No prior coding background? No problem. The syntax and logic of Python are easy to learn, making it perfect for newcomers.

Top Online Python Courses: What Makes Them Stand Out?

A good online certification in Python includes:

Clear learning paths (Beginner to Advanced)

Project-based learning

Regular assignments and quizzes

Instructor-led sessions

Code-along demos

Interview prep support

You’ll also benefit from industry-expert guidance and hands-on practice that aligns with job roles like:

Python Developer

Automation Engineer

Data Analyst

Machine Learning Engineer

DevOps Support Engineer

How a Certified Python Skillset Helps in the Job Market

Certified Python professionals can confidently step into roles across multiple domains. Here are just a few examples:

Industry

Use of Python

Finance

Automating calculations, data modeling, trading bots

Healthcare

Analyzing patient records, diagnostics, imaging

E-commerce

Building web apps, handling user data, recommendations

Education

Online tutoring platforms, interactive content

Media & Gaming

Scripting, automation, content generation

Python certification helps you stand out and back your resume with verified skills.

Common Python Program Ideas to Practice

Practicing real-world Python program ideas will sharpen your skills. Some examples:

Web scraper: Pull news headlines automatically.

To-do list app: Store and edit tasks using files or databases.

Weather app: Use APIs to show forecasts.

Quiz app: Build a console-based quiz game.

Data visualizer: Create graphs with user input.

These ideas not only test your knowledge but also help you build a portfolio.

How Certification Enhances Your Career Growth

Getting a Python certification course helps in:

Job Placements: Certification shows employers you’re job-ready.

Career Transition: It bridges the gap between your current role and tech jobs.

Higher Salaries: Certified professionals often get better salary offers.

Freelance Opportunities: Certification builds trust for independent work.

Continued Learning: Prepares you for specialized tracks like AI, ML, or full-stack development.

Sample Python Code: A Glimpse into Real-World Logic

Here’s a simple example of file handling in Python:

python

def write_to_file(filename, data):

    with open(filename, 'w') as file:

        file.write(data)

def read_from_file(filename):

    with open(filename, 'r') as file:

        return file.read()

write_to_file('sample.txt', 'Learning Python is rewarding!')

print(read_from_file('sample.txt'))

This simple project covers file handling, function usage, and string operations key concepts in any Python training online course.

Things to Consider Before Choosing a Course

To make your online certification in Python truly worth it, ensure the course offers:

Well-structured syllabus

Projects that simulate real-world use

Active instructor feedback

Placement or job-readiness training

Lifetime access or resources

Test simulations or quizzes

Summary: Is It Worth the Time and Money?

In short, yes a Python certification is worth it.

Whether you're just starting out or looking to grow your tech skills, Python is a powerful tool that opens many doors. A certification not only helps you learn but also proves your commitment and ability to apply these skills in real scenarios.

Final Thoughts

Python is no longer optional, it’s essential. A Python certification course gives you structure, credibility, and a roadmap to professional success. It’s one of the smartest ways to future-proof your career in tech.

Start your learning journey with H2K Infosys today. Enroll now for hands-on Python training and expert-led certification support that prepares you for the real tech world.

[govindhtech]

QuanUML: Development Of Quantum Software Engineering

Researchers have invented QuanUML, a new version of the popular Unified Modelling Language (UML), advancing quantum software engineering. This new language is designed to make complicated pure quantum and hybrid quantum-classical systems easier to model, filling a vital gap where strong software engineering methods have not kept pace with quantum computing hardware developments.

The project, led by Shinobu Saito from NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories and Xiaoyu Guo and Jianjun Zhao from Kyushu University, aims to improve quantum software creation by adapting software design principles to quantum systems.

Bringing Quantum and Classical Together

Quantum software development is complicated by quantum mechanics' stochastic and non-deterministic nature, which classical modelling techniques like UML cannot express. QuanUML directly solves this issue by adding quantum-specific features like qubits, the building blocks of quantum information, and quantum gates operations on qubits to the conventional UML framework. It also shows entanglement and superposition.

QuanUML advantages include

By providing higher-level abstraction in quantum programming, QuanUML makes it easier and faster for developers to construct and visualise complex quantum algorithms. Unlike current methods, which require developers to work directly with low-level frameworks or quantum assembly languages.

Leveraging Existing UML Tools: QuanUML expands UML principles to make it easy to integrate into software development workflows. Standard UML diagrams, like sequence diagrams, visually represent quantum algorithm flow, improving comprehension and communication.

A major benefit of QuanUML is its comprehensive support for model-driven development (MDD). Developers can create high-level models of quantum algorithms instead of focussing on implementation details. This structured and understandable representation increases collaboration and reduces errors, speeding up quantum software creation and enabling automated code generation.

The language's modelling features can be used to visualise quantum phenomena like entanglement and superposition using modified UML diagrams. Visual clarity aids algorithm comprehension and debugging, which is crucial for gaining intuition in a difficult field. Quantum gates are described as messages between lifelines, whereas qubits are represented as <> lifelines to differentiate between single-qubit asynchronous communications and multi-qubit synchronous/grouping messages and control relationships. Quantum experiments with probabilistic state collapses use asynchronous signals to end qubit lifelines.

QuanUML simplifies theory-to-practice transitions by combining algorithmic design with quantum hardware platform implementation. Abstracting low-level implementation details allows developers focus on algorithm logic, boosting design quality and development time.

Two-Stage Workflow: QuanUML uses high-level and low-level models. High-level modelling of hybrid systems uses UML class diagrams with a <> archetype to reflect their architecture. Low-level modelling changes UML sequence diagrams to portray qubits, quantum gates, superposition, entanglement, and measurement processes utilising stereotypes and message types to study quantum algorithms and circuits.

Practical Examples and Future Vision

Through detailed case studies using dynamic circuits and Shor's Algorithm, QuanUML demonstrated its effectiveness in modelling successful long-range entanglement.

QuanUML efficiently models dynamic quantum circuits' classical control flow integration using UML's Alt (alternative) fragment to visualise qubit initialisation, gate operations, mid-circuit measurements, and classical feed-forward logic.

QuanUML can handle sophisticated hybrid algorithms like Shor's Algorithm by mixing high-level class diagrams (using the <> archetype for quantum classes) with intricate low-level sequence diagrams. It manages complexity by modelling abstract sub-quantum computations.

QuanUML has a more comprehensive software modelling framework, deeper low-level modelling capabilities, and demonstrated element efficiency in some quantum algorithms than Q-UML and the Quantum UML Profile due to its accurate representation of multi-qubit gate control relationships.

QuanUML provides a framework for designing, visualising, and evaluating complex quantum algorithms, which the authors think will help build quantum software. Future enhancements aim to expedite development and accelerate theoretical methodologies to real-world applications. Extensions include code generation for Qiskit, Q#, Cirq, and Braket quantum computing SDKs.

This unique strategy speeds up the design of complex quantum applications and promotes cooperation in quantum computing. The shift from direct coding to structured design indicates a major change in quantum software engineering.

[saralshraddha]

Mastering IB Mathematics HL: A Guide to the Most Challenging IB Math Course

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Mathematics Higher Level (HL) course is widely regarded as one of the most demanding subjects in the IB Diploma Programme. Designed for students with strong mathematical abilities and a keen interest in abstract and applied mathematics, Math HL prepares learners for university courses in mathematics, engineering, physics, and other STEM-related fields.

Whether you're considering enrolling in IB Math HL or supporting someone who is, understanding the course structure, challenges, and strategies for success is essential.

🔍 What Is IB Mathematics HL?

As part of the updated IB curriculum (from 2019 onward), Mathematics HL is divided into two main course types:

1. Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches (HL)

Focuses on algebraic, theoretical, and calculus-based approaches.

Ideal for students aiming for careers in mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer science.

Emphasizes proofs, mathematical reasoning, and analytical problem-solving.

2. Mathematics: Applications and Interpretation (HL)

Focuses on mathematical modeling, real-world data, and technology use.

Ideal for students interested in data science, social sciences, business, economics, or any career requiring applied math skills.

Emphasizes statistical analysis, use of technology, and real-world application.

Both HL options cover the Standard Level content in greater depth, with additional advanced topics and more demanding assessments.

🧠 Key Topics in Math HL

While topics vary slightly between the two HL courses, the general curriculum includes:

Common Core Areas:

Algebra

Functions

Trigonometry

Calculus

Statistics and probability

HL-Only Topics:

Complex numbers

Series and differential equations (for Analysis HL)

Advanced statistical modeling (for Applications HL)

Vectors in three dimensions

Proof and mathematical induction (mostly in Analysis HL)

📝 Assessment Structure

IB Math HL is assessed through three externally examined papers and one internal assessment (IA):

External Assessment (80% of final grade):

Paper 1: Non-calculator (theoretical and algebra-heavy questions)

Paper 2: Calculator-allowed (applied and real-world math problems)

Paper 3: HL-only, focused on extended problem-solving and deeper analysis

Internal Assessment (20%):

A Mathematical Exploration, where students investigate a math topic of their choice.

Encourages independent thinking, creativity, and real-world application.

🎯 Who Should Take Math HL?

IB Math HL is suited for students who:

Enjoy abstract mathematical thinking

Plan to study STEM subjects at university

Have a strong background in pre-IB mathematics (like advanced algebra and pre-calculus)

Are comfortable with a heavy workload and consistent self-study

📈 Tips for Succeeding in Math HL

Start Early: Get a head start on challenging topics like calculus and vectors.

Practice Regularly: The course is cumulative—consistent practice helps retain and apply concepts.

Use IB Past Papers: Familiarize yourself with the structure and question types.

Get Comfortable with Technology: A graphing calculator is essential; knowing how to use it efficiently can save time and earn marks.

Choose an IA Topic You’re Genuinely Curious About: This makes the research process more engaging and meaningful.

Ask for Help Early: Whether through peers, teachers, or tutors, don’t wait until you’re overwhelmed.

🎓 Long-Term Benefits of IB Math HL

Completing Math HL not only opens doors to elite university programs—it also cultivates:

Analytical thinking

Problem-solving resilience

A deeper understanding of abstract and applied math

Skills in modeling, data analysis, and logical reasoning

These are invaluable whether you’re becoming an engineer, economist, scientist, or informed global citizen.

✅ Final Thoughts

IB Mathematics HL is not for the faint of heart, but for those who embrace the challenge, it offers unmatched academic and personal growth. With discipline, curiosity, and the right support, students can thrive in Math HL and emerge ready to tackle the most rigorous university courses and professional paths.

https://www.tychr.com/ib-maths-analysis-approaches-hl-tutor/

[nonmedicalseo]

The Importance of Data Structures and Algorithms in Coding

In the world of computers and programming, data structures and algorithms play a crucial role. They help make coding more efficient and solve problems faster. Whether you are developing software or building applications, understanding these concepts is essential.

The Difference Between Data Structures and Algorithms

Data structures help in managing large amounts of data efficiently. They allow you to organise and store information in a structured way, making data retrieval and processing much easier.

Types of Data Structures

Data structures are mainly of two types:

Primary Data Structures – These include arrays, linked lists, and stacks, which help in basic data storage.

Abstract Data Structures – These include trees, graphs, and hash tables, which are used for more complex operations.

What Are Algorithms?

An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions used to perform a specific task. It’s like a recipe that guides a program to solve a problem efficiently.

Why Are They Important?

Both data structures and algorithms are fundamental in computer science. They help developers create optimised and high-performing applications which makes coding more effective.Mastering data structures and algorithms can make you a better programmer. Join DAITM, the best management college in Kolkata today and enhance your coding skills with expert guidance and practical learning.

[codingprolab]

CS 202 - Computer Science II Project 3

Objectives: The two main objectives of this project is to test your ability to (1) create and use pointers, and (2) create and use C++ classes. A review of your knowledge of structs, arrays, iostream, file I/O and C-style strings is also included. Description: This project will expand Project 2 by adding additional functionality, using pointers, and implementing abstract data types (ADTs) through…

[sunaleisocial]

A new way to make graphs more accessible to blind and low-vision readers

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/a-new-way-to-make-graphs-more-accessible-to-blind-and-low-vision-readers/

A new way to make graphs more accessible to blind and low-vision readers

Bar graphs and other charts provide a simple way to communicate data, but are, by definition, difficult to translate for readers who are blind or low-vision. Designers have developed methods for converting these visuals into “tactile charts,” but guidelines for doing so are extensive (for example, the Braille Authority of North America’s 2022 guidebook is 426 pages long). The process also requires understanding different types of software, as designers often draft their chart in programs like Adobe Illustrator and then translate it into Braille using another application.

Researchers from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) have now developed an approach that streamlines the design process for tactile chart designers. Their program, called “Tactile Vega-Lite,” can take data from something like an Excel spreadsheet and turn it into both a standard visual chart and a touch-based one. Design standards are hardwired as default rules within the program to help educators and designers automatically create accessible tactile charts.

The tool could make it easier for blind and low-vision readers to understand many graphics, such as a bar chart comparing minimum wages across states or a line graph tracking countries’ GDPs over time. To bring your designs to the real world, you can tweak your chart in Tactile Vega-Lite and then send its file to a Braille embosser (which prints text as readable dots).

This spring, the researchers will present Tactile Vega-Lite in a paper at the Association of Computing Machinery Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. According to lead author Mengzhu “Katie” Chen SM ’25, the tool strikes a balance between the precision that design professionals want for editing and the efficiency educators need to create tactile charts quickly.

“We interviewed teachers who wanted to make their lessons accessible to blind and low-vision students, and designers experienced in putting together tactile charts,” says Chen, a recent CSAIL affiliate and master’s graduate in electrical engineering and computer science and the Program in System Design and Management. “Since their needs differ, we designed a program that’s easy to use, provides instant feedback when you want to make tweaks, and implements accessibility guidelines.”

Data you can feel

The researchers’ program builds off of their 2017 visualization tool Vega-Lite by automatically encoding both a flat, standard chart and a tactile one. Senior author and MIT postdoc Jonathan Zong SM ’20, PhD ’24 points out that the program makes intuitive design decisions so users don’t have to.

“Tactile Vega-Lite has smart defaults to ensure proper spacing, layout, and texture and Braille conversion, following best practices to create good touch-based reading experiences,” says Zong, who is also a fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University and an incoming assistant professor at the University of Colorado. “Building on existing guidelines and our interviews with experts, the goal is for teachers or visual designers without a lot of tactile design expertise to quickly convey data in a clear way for tactile readers to explore and understand.”

Tactile Vega-Lite’s code editor allows users to customize axis labels, tick marks, and other elements. Different features within the chart are represented by abstractions — or summaries of a longer body of code — that can be modified. These shortcuts allow you to write brief phrases that tweak the design of your chart. For example, if you want to change how the bars in your graph are filled out, you could change the code in the “Texture” section from “dottedFill” to “verticalFill” to replace small circles with upward lines.

To understand how these abstractions work, the researchers added a gallery of examples. Each one includes a phrase and what change that code leads to. Still, the team is looking to refine Tactile Vega-Lite’s user interface to make it more accessible to users less familiar with coding. Instead of using abstractions for edits, you could click on different buttons.

Chen says she and her colleagues are hoping to add machine-specific customizations to their program. This would allow users to preview how their tactile chart would look before it’s fabricated by an embossing machine and make edits according to the device’s specifications.

While Tactile Vega-Lite can streamline the many steps it usually takes to make a tactile chart, Zong emphasizes that it doesn’t replace an expert doing a final check-over for guideline compliance. The researchers are continuing to incorporate Braille design rules into their program, but caution that human review will likely remain the best practice.

“The ability to design tactile graphics efficiently, particularly without specialized software, is important for providing equal access of information to tactile readers,” says Stacy Fontenot, owner of Font to Dot, who wasn’t involved in the research. “Graphics that follow current guidelines and standards are beneficial for the reader as consistency is paramount, especially with complex, data-filled graphics. Tactile Vega-Lite has a straightforward interface for creating informative tactile graphics quickly and accurately, thereby reducing the design time in providing quality graphics to tactile readers.”

Chen and Zong wrote the paper with Isabella Pineros ’23, MEng ’24 and MIT Associate Professor Arvind Satyanarayan. The researchers’ work was supported by a National Science Foundation grant.

The CSAIL team also incorporated input from Rich Caloggero from MIT’s Disability and Access Services, as well as the Lighthouse for the Blind, which let them observe technical design workflows as part of the project.

[evoldir]

Fwd: Conference: SMBE_Beijing.CallAbstracts.PhylGeneFlow.Jul20-24

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Conference: SMBE_Beijing.CallAbstracts.PhylGeneFlow.Jul20-24 > Date: 27 January 2025 at 05:44:25 GMT > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > Dear Colleagues, > > The annual meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution > (SMBE), will be held in Beijing China, July 20-24, 2025. > > We are inviting abstract submissions for our symposium, "Phylogenomics in > the presence of gene flow: opportunities and challenges" (Symposium #11). > All the scientists who have been developing models and methods or doing > empirical studies inferring gene flow are highly encouraged to submit > abstracts to this symposium. > > **The deadline for abstract submissions is January 30, 2025** > > Details are as follows: > > SMBE 2025 > Annual Meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and > Evolutionhttps://smbe2025.scimeeting.cn/en/web/index/25070_2131033 > > Symposium 11: Phylogenomics in the presence of gene flow: > opportunities and challenges > > Organizers: > Xiyun Jiao, Southern University of Science and Technology, China > Thomas Flouris, University College London, UK > > Invited Speaker: > Anne Yoder, Duke University, USA > > Comparative analyses of genome-scale data have revealed the prevalence > of cross-species gene flow in organisms. This phenomenon causes > discordance of genealogical relationships in different genomic > regions, creating difficulties in phylogenomic inference. There are > other biological processes which can lead to gene tree incongruence, > such as incomplete lineage sorting, recombination, etc. It is > important to take them together with gene flow into account when > inferring species histories. Treating different types of genomic data > differently is also necessary, such as coding vs. noncoding data, > which may contain different amounts of signal. The multispecies > coalescent model with gene flow provides a natural framework to > incorporate all these factors, and analyses using genomic sequence > data under this model have already unveiled intriguing speciation > patterns. However, the model is complex and the processes of > coalescent, introgression/migration, and sequence evolution are highly > stochastic, which makes it difficult to analyze genome-scale data > efficiently. Thus so far, the field faces not only statistical > challenges of developing suitable models and methods, but also > computational challenges of analyzing genome-scale data. This > symposium will highlight advances and challenges in developing models > and methods for phylogenomic inference with gene flow and also > exciting patterns of species divergence and cross-species gene flow > revealed by analyses of genomic data. > > Dates: > > Abstract submission deadline: Jan 30, 2025 > > Early bird registration deadline: Apr 20, 2025 > > Abstract submission details: > https://ift.tt/DvQheBZ > > Look forward to seeing you in Beijing! > > Xiyun Jiao

[jayanthinit]

Master Python: The Ultimate Training Resource for Aspiring Developers

Python is a versatile, high-level programming language renowned for its readability and efficiency. Its interpreted, interactive, and object-oriented nature makes it a preferred choice for beginners and seasoned developers. This article provides an in-depth overview of Python training, highlighting its features, applications, and the benefits of mastering this powerful language.

Understanding Python

Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability, enabling developers to express concepts in fewer lines than languages like C++ or Java. Its syntax is clean and straightforward, reducing the learning curve for newcomers. Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming, offering flexibility in software development.

Objectives of the Course

To understand the concepts and constructs of Python

To create your own Python programs, know the machine learning algorithms in Python, and work on a real-time project running on Python.

Key Features of Python

Interpreted Language: Python code is executed line by line, facilitating easier debugging and dynamic typing.

Object-Oriented: Supports classes and objects, promoting code reuse and modularity.

High-Level Language: Abstracts complex details, allowing developers to focus on problem-solving rather than intricate hardware specifics.

Extensive Standard Library: Offers various modules and packages for various tasks, from web development to data analysis.

Applications of Python

Python's versatility extends across numerous domains:

Web Development: Frameworks like Django and Flask streamline the creation of dynamic web applications.

Data Analysis and Scientific Computing: Libraries such as NumPy, SciPy, and Pandas facilitate complex data manipulation and analysis.

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: Tools like TensorFlow and sci-kit-learn enable the development of intelligent systems.

Automation and Scripting: Python's simplicity makes it ideal for automating repetitive tasks and scripting.

Game Development: Libraries like Pygame support the creation of simple games and multimedia applications.

Benefits of Python Training

Engaging in Python training offers several advantages:

Ease of Learning: Python's clear syntax and readability make it accessible to beginners.

Community Support: A vast, active community provides extensive resources, tutorials, and third-party modules.

Career Opportunities: Proficiency in Python opens doors to various roles in web development, data science, automation, and more.

Cross-Platform Compatibility: Python runs seamlessly on different operating systems, enhancing its applicability.

Python Training Curriculum Overview

A comprehensive Python training program typically covers:

Introduction to Python: Understanding the basics, installation, and setting up the development environment.

Data Types and Variables: Exploring different data types, variables, and basic operations.

Control Structures: Implementing decision-making and looping constructs.

Functions and Modules: Defining functions, importing modules, and understanding scope.

Object-Oriented Programming: Creating classes, objects, and understanding inheritance and polymorphism.

File Handling: Reading from and writing to files.

Exception Handling: Managing errors and exceptions gracefully.

Libraries and Frameworks: Introduction to essential libraries for web development, data analysis, and more.

Project Work: Applying learned concepts to real-world projects to solidify understanding.

Conclusion

Python's simplicity, versatility, and powerful libraries make it an invaluable tool in today's technology landscape. Whether you're aiming to develop web applications, delve into data analysis, or automate tasks, Python provides the foundation to achieve your goals. Investing in Python training equips you with the skills to harness this language's full potential, paving the way for a successful career in various tech domains.

[heycoach-super30]

A Deep Dive into DSA Curriculum Effectiveness

The role of Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) in computer science cannot be overstated. From optimizing resource usage to solving complex problems efficiently, DSA is the backbone of any software engineering career. Yet, the true effectiveness of a DSA curriculum lies in its ability to transform abstract concepts into applicable skills that solve real-world problems. This article provides a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness, evaluating its core components, real-world relevance, and its impact on long-term career success.

Understanding the Fundamentals of DSA Curriculum

A robust DSA curriculum forms the foundation for all future problem-solving skills in programming. The curriculum typically begins with the most basic yet powerful concepts: arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues. These building blocks provide the fundamental structures that underlie more complex systems in software design.

One of the primary objectives of a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness is understanding how these structures are applied. For example, arrays serve as a basis for implementing databases or handling multiple elements in linear order, while linked lists enable dynamic memory allocation and are crucial for certain types of data manipulation tasks. These fundamental data structures are often complemented by algorithms like searching, sorting, and traversing, which help programmers manipulate and organize data efficiently.

To test the depth of understanding, a strong curriculum integrates a mix of theory and practical problem-solving exercises. This ensures that learners not only grasp the theoretical concepts but also gain the hands-on experience needed to excel in high-pressure coding environments like interviews and hackathons.

Real-World Applications of DSA Training

The true measure of a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness lies in its real-world applicability. Although DSA concepts are often first introduced in academic settings, their relevance is most pronounced when applied to industry-specific problems. Data structures and algorithms aren't just theoretical constructs—they are integral to optimizing code performance, building scalable systems, and solving complex engineering challenges.

Consider an example from real-world applications: search algorithms. Binary search, for instance, is an algorithm that finds an element in a sorted array or list in O(log n) time complexity, which is far more efficient than linear search's O(n). In real-world applications like database indexing or web search engines, this efficiency is crucial for performance, especially when dealing with large datasets.

Furthermore, understanding sorting algorithms—such as quicksort or mergesort—allows developers to improve the efficiency of data processing. These algorithms aren’t just theoretical but used in critical systems like database management, data analysis, and even network routing.

For example, in a web service handling millions of requests per day, implementing the most optimal algorithm for sorting incoming traffic can significantly reduce response times, contributing to better system scalability and user experience. A deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness helps students develop these problem-solving tools, equipping them with skills that are directly applicable to the modern tech landscape.

Problem-Solving and Optimization: The Heart of DSA

The core of any DSA curriculum should emphasize problem-solving techniques and optimization. In software engineering, performance is often the most critical factor. Efficiently written code can handle millions of requests or process terabytes of data in record time, while inefficient code might buckle under similar loads.

By focusing on optimizing algorithms for both time and space complexity, DSA curricula ensure that students learn how to write code that runs quickly and uses minimal memory. For example, when tasked with sorting a list of large numbers, knowing when to use quicksort versus bubble sort can make the difference between an application that performs well and one that lags behind.

Consider the classic problem of finding the shortest path in a graph, often solved using algorithms like Dijkstra’s or A* search. These algorithms are built on the foundation of data structures like heaps and priority queues. A curriculum that delves into the mechanics of such algorithms helps students not only to understand how these algorithms work but also to analyze and optimize their performance for various use cases, from navigation systems to AI pathfinding.

Thus, a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness should focus on cultivating a mindset of optimization, where students are encouraged to always seek the most efficient solution to any problem.

The Role of DSA in Technical Interviews

When discussing a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness, it’s impossible to ignore its critical role in technical interviews. Companies like Google, Amazon, and Facebook consistently use algorithmic challenges to assess candidates' problem-solving abilities. The ability to solve complex coding problems in a limited time frame has become a standard part of the hiring process, which makes a solid grasp of DSA indispensable.

A curriculum that includes rigorous practice with a variety of problems—such as dynamic programming, graph theory, and greedy algorithms—prepares students to tackle real-world coding challenges. The iterative nature of solving DSA problems also strengthens debugging skills and improves the ability to identify patterns in problems, both of which are essential in technical interviews.

Furthermore, effective DSA training goes beyond teaching algorithms; it teaches students how to communicate their solutions clearly and efficiently. A typical interview not only evaluates whether a candidate can solve a problem but also tests their ability to articulate their approach, optimize their solution, and think critically under pressure. Through a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness, students gain the confidence to handle these high-stakes interviews, ensuring they can perform under pressure while demonstrating their technical prowess.

Long-Term Benefits of Mastering DSA

The value of a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness extends far beyond landing a job. Once DSA concepts are ingrained, they become a toolkit that engineers use throughout their careers to solve increasingly complex problems. As the software industry continues to evolve, understanding DSA remains a fundamental skill that will always be relevant.

For instance, as systems scale and handle more users, engineers with a strong grasp of algorithms can design more efficient data storage, retrieval, and communication systems. Whether developing cloud infrastructure, building AI models, or working on real-time applications, DSA knowledge helps engineers make smarter decisions regarding performance trade-offs and resource allocation.

Moreover, many advanced topics in computer science, such as machine learning and big data, are built on foundational DSA concepts. Algorithms for optimization, clustering, and even neural networks rely heavily on the principles learned in a comprehensive DSA curriculum. Mastering these concepts opens doors to advanced technical roles and prepares engineers to tackle the next generation of challenges.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a deep dive into DSA curriculum effectiveness is essential for equipping aspiring software engineers with the problem-solving skills needed to excel in both coding interviews and real-world applications. A well-structured DSA curriculum not only teaches key concepts but also emphasizes optimization, scalability, and practical implementation. By understanding the importance of data structures and algorithms, students are better prepared to navigate the complexities of modern software development and thrive in their careers. As the tech industry continues to evolve, DSA will remain a critical skill—one that empowers engineers to build efficient, scalable, and robust systems.

About HeyCoach: 

HeyCoach is an EdTech platform that offers top-tier coaching and mentorship programs for software engineers aiming to ace their coding interviews. With a focus on data structures, algorithms, and system design (DSA), HeyCoach prepares developers for success in interviews with leading tech giants such as Meta, Microsoft, Amazon, and Google. The platform provides personalized coaching, detailed learning modules, and mock interview sessions to build the necessary skills and confidence. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, HeyCoach offers the tools and guidance needed to elevate your coding capabilities and interview performance to the next level. Visit heycoach.in for more details.

[soc-learning]

Top Strategies for Acing AQA GCSE Computer Science Exams

The AQA GCSE Computer Science exam requires a solid understanding of both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. From mastering key programming techniques to understanding core computational concepts, preparing for this exam can feel overwhelming. However, with the right study techniques, you can boost your confidence and perform your best. In this article, we’ll cover key strategies for excelling in both the theoretical and practical parts of the AQA GCSE Computer Science exam.

1. Understand the Exam Structure

Before diving into revision, make sure you are familiar with the structure of the AQA GCSE Computer Science exam. The exam is divided into two papers:

Paper 1: Computational Thinking and Programming Skills focuses on problem-solving, coding, and algorithms.

Paper 2: Computing Concepts tests your understanding of theory, including data representation, computer systems, and networks.

Knowing how the exam is organised allows you to plan your study sessions and allocate time based on the weight of each section.

2. Master the Programming Basics

Programming is a key component of the AQA GCSE Computer Science exam. Whether you’re coding in Python, Java, or another language, ensure you understand the fundamentals:

Variables, Data Types, and Operators: Get comfortable with declaring and using variables, as well as performing basic operations.

Control Structures: Revise loops (for, while) and conditional statements (if, else) to handle decision-making in programs.

Functions and Procedures: Practice writing reusable code using functions and procedures, which is crucial for efficient programming.

A great way to strengthen your programming skills is to complete coding challenges regularly. Platforms like Repl.it and Codewars offer fun, engaging ways to practice.

3. Use Pseudocode and Flowcharts

Many students struggle with turning abstract problem-solving ideas into actual code. Practising with pseudocode and flowcharts can help bridge this gap. Pseudocode helps you plan out your logic in plain English before diving into the syntax of a specific programming language. Flowcharts, on the other hand, allow you to visualise the steps and decisions in a program.

These tools are invaluable for Paper 1 as they improve your ability to break down complex problems and structure your solutions logically.

4. Focus on Key Theory Topics

For Paper 2, the theoretical part of the exam, you’ll need a thorough understanding of various topics, including:

Data Representation: Binary, hexadecimal, and denary conversions, as well as character sets like ASCII.

Computer Systems: The components of a computer, including the CPU, memory, and storage.

Networking: Key concepts around LANs, WANs, protocols, and network security.

Ethical and Environmental Issues: Be prepared to discuss the impact of computing technologies on society and the environment.

It’s essential to actively revise these topics, taking the time to summarise key concepts and apply them to potential exam questions.

5. Practice Past Papers

One of the most effective ways to prepare for any exam is to practise with past papers. AQA GCSE Computer Science past papers give you a clear idea of the question styles, mark allocation, and exam timing. Make sure you time yourself to simulate exam conditions. After completing each paper, carefully review the mark schemes to understand where marks are awarded and how to improve your answers.

You can find AQA past papers on the official AQA website, and using these alongside our revision courses can help you track your progress.

6. Revise with Flashcards and Quizzes

For theory-heavy topics, using flashcards can help with memorisation. Apps like Quizlet allow you to create your own digital flashcards or use pre-made sets covering topics like networking, data structures, and algorithms. Additionally, online quizzes are a great way to test your understanding of specific topics and get instant feedback.

7. Break Down Programming Projects

In Paper 1, you may be tasked with programming challenges that require logical thinking and problem-solving. To prepare for these tasks, work on breaking down larger programming projects into smaller, manageable parts. When tackling a project, follow these steps:

Analyse the problem: Identify the input, process, and output.

Break it down: Break the solution into smaller steps using pseudocode.

Test frequently: Test your code regularly to avoid errors building up.

Optimise your code: Refactor your code for efficiency and clarity.

Regular practice will help you develop the confidence needed to handle complex programming tasks during the exam.

8. Stay Organised with a Study Schedule

Given the range of content in the AQA GCSE Computer Science syllabus, it’s crucial to create a structured study plan. Use a planner to allocate time for both theory and programming practice, ensuring that you cover all topics before the exam. Prioritise areas you find difficult and revisit them frequently to reinforce your understanding.

Whether you need help mastering programming skills or solidifying your theoretical understanding, our tailored approach ensures you are fully prepared for your GCSE Computer Science exams.

For more details, check out our GCSE Computer Science Courses and start your journey to success today!

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mah mba cet 2024

The MAH MBA/MMS CET 2024 is the mile entrance to get admitted into an MBA/MMS course in Maharashtra. The following is an overview to guide you in every respect:

1. Exam Overview

Name: MAH MBA/MMS CET 2024

Conducting Authority: State Common Entrance Test Cell, Maharashtra

Purpose: To provide admission into various management colleges of Maharashtra offering courses in MBA/MMS.

Mode: Online (Computer-Based Test)

Duration: 150 minutes

Total Questions: 200

Type of Questions: Multiple Choice Questions

Marking Scheme: 1 mark for each correct answer; no negative marking.

2. Exam Pattern

The respective exam is divided into four sections:TopicNumber of Questions Logical Reasoning 75 Abstract Reasoning 25 Quantitative Aptitude 50 Verbal Ability/Reading Comprehension 50 Total200

Logical Reasoning (LR): Puzzle-based questions, seating arrangement, series, and logical deduction questions.

Abstract Reasoning (AR): Tests pattern recognition, analogies, and visual reasoning.

Quantitative Aptitude (QA): Includes arithmetic, algebra, geometry, mensuration, and data interpretation.

Verbal Ability/Reading Comprehension (VA/RC): Includes reading comprehension passages, vocabulary, grammar, and sentence correction.

3. Key Dates

Notification Release: January 2024

Application Start Date: January 2024

Application End Date: February 2024

Admit Card Release: March 2024

Exam Date: March or April 2024 (Exact date to be announced)

Result Declaration: May 2024

Centralized Admission Process (CAP): June–August 2024

4. Eligibility Criteria

Educational Qualification: Bachelor's degree of atleast 3 years from a recognized university.

Minimum Marks:

General category: Minimum 50% marks

Reserved categories (SC/ST/OBC): Minimum 45%

Final Year Students: Eligible if they will complete their degree before the start of the MBA/MMS program.

**5. Preparation Tips

1. Understand the Exam Pattern and Syllabus:

Familiarize yourself with the types of questions and topics covered under each section.

#### 2. Make a Study Schedule: Make a proper study schedule covering all sections of the exam. Set goals and deadlines for each topic.

#### 3. Practice on a Regular Basis: Solve previous years' papers, take regular mock tests.

Enhance your speed and accuracy.

4. Work on Weak Areas:

Devote extra time to sections where you are not as confident.

Use study materials and other resources specific to MAH CET.

5. Time Management:

Acquire the habit of time management during the exam.

Find ways to solve questions quicker and more accurately.

**6. Revision:

Go through important concepts, formulae, and shortcuts regularly.

Keep a revision notebook for ready reference.

6. Top Colleges Accepting MAH CET Scores

Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), Mumbai

Sydenham Institute of Management Studies (SIMSREE), Mumbai

KJ Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai

PUMBA - Department of Management Sciences, Pune University

Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research (WeSchool), Mumbai

SIES College of Management Studies, Mumbai

NL Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai

7. Recommended Books and Resources

Quantitative Aptitude: Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations by R.S. Aggarwal

Logical and Abstract Reasoning: A Modern Approach to Logical Reasoning by R.S. Aggarwal

Verbal Ability: Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis

Mock Tests and Practice Papers: Online websites such as Testbook, Oliveboard, and TIME are very helpful for practice tests, providing practice material, among other resources.

8. Centralized Admission Process (CAP)

Registration: Candidates shall register themselves for CAP after the declaration of results, stating preferred colleges.

Merit List: The merit list shall be prepared based on marks obtained in MAH CET and preferences submitted.

Seat Allotment: Seats are allotted on the basis of merit and preference.

Confirmation of Admission: Confirm the admission by paying the registration fees along with all the required documents.

9. Tips for Success

Consistency: Study and practice on a regular basis.

Stress Management: Remain positive; manage examination stress in a good way.

Health: Take proper nutritious food and have sufficient rest during preparation.

The following guide explains how one can prepare efficiently to score well in MAH MBA/MMS CET 2024 to get admission into one of the top management institutes in Maharashtra.

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User-friendly system can help developers build more efficient simulations and AI models

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/user-friendly-system-can-help-developers-build-more-efficient-simulations-and-ai-models/

User-friendly system can help developers build more efficient simulations and AI models

The neural network artificial intelligence models used in applications like medical image processing and speech recognition perform operations on hugely complex data structures that require an enormous amount of computation to process. This is one reason deep-learning models consume so much energy.

To improve the efficiency of AI models, MIT researchers created an automated system that enables developers of deep learning algorithms to simultaneously take advantage of two types of data redundancy. This reduces the amount of computation, bandwidth, and memory storage needed for machine learning operations.

Existing techniques for optimizing algorithms can be cumbersome and typically only allow developers to capitalize on either sparsity or symmetry — two different types of redundancy that exist in deep learning data structures.

By enabling a developer to build an algorithm from scratch that takes advantage of both redundancies at once, the MIT researchers’ approach boosted the speed of computations by nearly 30 times in some experiments.

Because the system utilizes a user-friendly programming language, it could optimize machine-learning algorithms for a wide range of applications. The system could also help scientists who are not experts in deep learning but want to improve the efficiency of AI algorithms they use to process data. In addition, the system could have applications in scientific computing.

“For a long time, capturing these data redundancies has required a lot of implementation effort. Instead, a scientist can tell our system what they would like to compute in a more abstract way, without telling the system exactly how to compute it,” says Willow Ahrens, an MIT postdoc and co-author of a paper on the system, which will be presented at the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization.

She is joined on the paper by lead author Radha Patel ’23, SM ’24 and senior author Saman Amarasinghe, a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a principal researcher in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).

Cutting out computation

In machine learning, data are often represented and manipulated as multidimensional arrays known as tensors. A tensor is like a matrix, which is a rectangular array of values arranged on two axes, rows and columns. But unlike a two-dimensional matrix, a tensor can have many dimensions, or axes, making tensors more difficult to manipulate.

Deep-learning models perform operations on tensors using repeated matrix multiplication and addition — this process is how neural networks learn complex patterns in data. The sheer volume of calculations that must be performed on these multidimensional data structures requires an enormous amount of computation and energy.

But because of the way data in tensors are arranged, engineers can often boost the speed of a neural network by cutting out redundant computations.

For instance, if a tensor represents user review data from an e-commerce site, since not every user reviewed every product, most values in that tensor are likely zero. This type of data redundancy is called sparsity. A model can save time and computation by only storing and operating on non-zero values.

In addition, sometimes a tensor is symmetric, which means the top half and bottom half of the data structure are equal. In this case, the model only needs to operate on one half, reducing the amount of computation. This type of data redundancy is called symmetry.

“But when you try to capture both of these optimizations, the situation becomes quite complex,” Ahrens says.

To simplify the process, she and her collaborators built a new compiler, which is a computer program that translates complex code into a simpler language that can be processed by a machine. Their compiler, called SySTeC, can optimize computations by automatically taking advantage of both sparsity and symmetry in tensors.

They began the process of building SySTeC by identifying three key optimizations they can perform using symmetry.

First, if the algorithm’s output tensor is symmetric, then it only needs to compute one half of it. Second, if the input tensor is symmetric, then algorithm only needs to read one half of it. Finally, if intermediate results of tensor operations are symmetric, the algorithm can skip redundant computations.

Simultaneous optimizations

To use SySTeC, a developer inputs their program and the system automatically optimizes their code for all three types of symmetry. Then the second phase of SySTeC performs additional transformations to only store non-zero data values, optimizing the program for sparsity.

In the end, SySTeC generates ready-to-use code.

“In this way, we get the benefits of both optimizations. And the interesting thing about symmetry is, as your tensor has more dimensions, you can get even more savings on computation,” Ahrens says.

The researchers demonstrated speedups of nearly a factor of 30 with code generated automatically by SySTeC.

Because the system is automated, it could be especially useful in situations where a scientist wants to process data using an algorithm they are writing from scratch.

In the future, the researchers want to integrate SySTeC into existing sparse tensor compiler systems to create a seamless interface for users. In addition, they would like to use it to optimize code for more complicated programs.

This work is funded, in part, by Intel, the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the Department of Energy.